What physics principle relates the net electric flux out of a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface?

Gauss's Law is the principle in physics that relates the net electric flux out of a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface. This law states that the electric flux through any closed surface is directly proportional to the total charge enclosed by that surface divided by the electric constant. It essentially provides a mathematical relationship between the distribution of electric charge in a closed surface and the resulting electric field. This principle is fundamental in understanding the behavior of electric fields and their interactions with charged particles, making it a key concept in electromagnetism.